The most uncommon are the piccolo oboe or musette which is the sopranino in the family and the contrabass oboe which is pitched two octaves lower. Oboe s structure Traditionally, oboes are made of granadilla or African Blackwood and have three sections top joint, bottom joint, and bell section. The left hand controls the 10 holes on the top joint while the right hand is used for the also 10 holes on the bottom joint. It was in England in the early 1800 s that the keyed bugles were invented with the copyright for the Royal Kent bugle by Joseph Halliday. It was very popular until the 1850 s and was played in compositions by a bandmaster of West Point s the United States Military Academy Band, Richard Willis. Uses of the bugle Bugles are used for bugle calls which indicate the start of camp daily routines. It has mouthpiece with a single reed which is made of cane. The reed should be at least three millimeters in thickness and around sixty-nine millimeters long for the clarinets in the United States. The clarinet body is normally made of wood. The B-flat clarinet has a three-octave range and is around sixty centimeters long while bass clarinets are ninety-four centimeters. These are hand-held and produce clicking or rattling sounds used for rhythmic accents. Castanets are also played in the orchestra. At times, these are fastened to the handle or placed on a base forming machine castanets. Playing the castanet in the Spanish style is very rare in the modern orchestra. This is not because it is very complex to master and apply but because there are no more than four known professional castanet players all over the world. This end has a tangent, a metallic thin blade, which strikes the respective string. Until the player releases the key, the tangent remains touching the string and produces sound. One advantage of the clavichord over the piano is that it can perform a sound like the vibrato on string instruments. The player can move the key up and down which causes the tangent to also push up and down on the string. Then, think about putting a cylinder with a mouthpiece of a regular clarinet at the top on one section and for the other section, imagine placing the alto-clarinet bell. That is how an octavin would roughly look like. A change to the octavin During the young twentieth century, it would seem that the odd shape of the octavin has caught the negative attention of a few instrument designers.