Practice every note on a consecutive down-up cycle. To learn thoroughly, you should read good tutor books and watch videos online or at music shops. The difference with these two methods is that tutor books often assume that you can read music while videos teach in a follow-the-leader method. Of course, the best way to learn is taking up lessons. Originally, bugles had a coil-shape alike with the French horn and were for communication in hunts and for announcements. Based on its use, it is considered to be like the horn of modern automobiles. Based on recorded history, bugles were used by officers in the cavalry to instruct soldiers when in battle. From this, two curved arms are projected upwards and are attached at the top by a yoke or crossbar. The body has another crossbar which transfers the strings vibrations. The strings all have the same length so variation in pitch is either accomplished by different sting thickness or by different sting tensions. This makes the oboe audible among other instruments in ensembles. This stately instrument has a pitch that is in concert C but orchestras usually use a concert A pitch. The League of American Orchestras state that this makes the oboe s pitch secure and the piercing sound makes it suitable for tuning. This structure is fitted for a bassoon because it becomes very long when straightened out but it is actually very peculiar for an instrument that is soprano-sized. If you know what a bassoon looks like, then let us picture out the octavin like this. Visualize removing an entire twelve inches off the bassoon. Theobald Boehm invented the modern flute. He created a bowl-shaped head connected to a cylindrical center with large finger holes and open-standing keys. Minor developments have been made after that. Flute Construction Modern flutes are often around twenty-six inches long and 0.75 inches wide. There are two open ends which makes it an open cylinder.